Cocaine Did Not Kill Ike Turner

Ike Turner

The ubiquitous headlines have been “Ike Turner Died of Cocaine Overdose” and the underlying articles have focused on his past recreational drug use. As usual the government and the media have twisted their presentation of illicit drug use to create a morality lesson.

Fatal overdoses from cocaine, as with other stimulants, are extremely rare. (See this post, “Drug War Myth #726,001: Cocaine Is Deadlier Than Aspirin.”) Still, cocaine greatly increases the heart rate and, similar to roller coasters, should not be used by those with weak hearts.

Also, drugs are often incorrectly blamed for suicides. Recreational drugs are a favored exit route because they are easier and more pleasurable than shooting oneself or throwing oneself off a precipice.

Less publicized than the killer cocaine angle was the fact that Turner was at an advanced stage of emphysema. According to his daughter he was on oxygen and completely spent.

He just couldn’t – he’d gone at the time of his death four or five days without doing anything, and if he’d done anything, it would have been so minimal. He was too weak from the emphysema to do anything. He’d go in the studio for a couple of minutes and play a couple of bars and say he had to go lay down.

Debilitated people often have heart attacks when using the commode because of the exertion. Do toilets get blamed? People often commit suicide by running a car in a garage. Do cars get blamed?

Turner was a lifelong musician who knew death was near and could no longer participate in his art. Close friends and family claim Turner was no longer using illicit drugs. Is it farfetched to believe Turner chose to end his life? His former drummer, Billy Ray, who was in Turner’s home when Turner was found dead said:

He was a man who knew he was going to pass away and if smoking bud or cocaine gave him solace in his final days, what difference would it be if he had a bottle of bourbon or Paxil?

Sources

1. Robert Arthur, You Will Die: The Burden of Modern Taboos (2007). LINK
2. Chelsea Carter, “Cocaine Killed Ike Turner, Coroner Says,” AP, 16 Jan. 2008. LINK
3. Denis Devine & Teri Figueroa, “Ike Turner Died of Cocaine Overdose,” North Country Times, 17 Jan. 2008.LINK

Scapegoating Drugs: Steroids

Chris Benoit

Not much has changed in 75 years when it comes to blaming drugs for heinous murders. In the 1930s it was Henry Anslinger trying to drum up funding for the precursor to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). He would tell the media and congress that marijuana was responsible for gruesome homicides by twisting isolated incidents. The media and congress didn’t care that doctors called these claims bogus because sensationalizing and fear mongering brought them readers and votes.

In 2007, only conservative squares that don’t read can still believe the DEA’s continuing demonization of marijuana. However, just as most of mainstream America was not familiar with marijuana when Anslinger made those fantastic allegations, in 2007 most of mainstream America is not familiar with steroids and so the game is played.

On June 26, 2007, the professional wrestler Chris Benoit, “The Canadian Crippler,” was found dead in his Georgia home along with the corpses of his wife and seven-year-old son. Benoit had killed them both and then strangled himself. As every narco-phobe knows professional wrestlers have big muscles and big muscles means steroids and steroids means “roid rage.” When anabolic steroids were found in the house the stories could write themselves.

A leader of the charge was the commentator, Bill O’Reilly. The popular O’Reilly has built a reputation on using “common sense” instead of research and facts to provide a “no spin zone” for his viewers. (For examples of his common sense trumping facts go to the Bill O’Reilly Page at Media Matters.) On June 27 O’Reilly had a former professional wrestler, Jon Stewart, on The O’Reilly Factor to discuss Benoit.

O’Reilly asked Stewart about Benoit and it immediately became apparent the angle O’Reilly wanted:

Stewart: …. Chris was a very pensive, quiet guy, a work horse in the industry. And this is completely out of what I’ve known of him and his character.

O’Reilly: OK, but you did know that he was on steroids. And you know, once you get into that world of narcotics, illegal drugs, whatever you want to call them, your personality changes. Correct?

Stewart tries to provide more context to the story but O’Reilly keeps him on point:

Stewart: …. the mix of steroids, this gladiator mentality that we have, the way the public treats us that, you know, they’re not — we’re not held to any rules of society. Bill, is that a really lethal combination [sic].

O’Reilly: OK, but they call it roid rage.

At least with O’Reilly, his bias is apparent with his leading questions and interjections. However, the rest of the news media behaved in a similar fashion even in “objective” news accounts. Of course, this was assisted by the DEA.

The Benoit tragedy was a great opportunity for the DEA to publicly justify its micromanagement and prosecution of doctors. Days after the Benoit murders made headlines the DEA raided Benoit’s doctor’s offices twice and filed court papers charging Benoit’s doctor with illegally prescribing pain killers (not steroids) to two other patients in 2004-2005. (For an article explaining how easy it is for the DEA to prosecute doctors for prescribing painkillers read the 2004 article “Dr. Feelscared” in Reason.) The DEA also said that in a year long probe called “RX Weight Loss” Benoit was identified as someone who bought large amounts of steroids. The DEA refused to identify the source or even any information about the probe.

Predictably, the mother of all news sources, the AP obediently published all this information including the sinister fact that during one of the DEA’s raids on the doctor he was carrying Benoit’s file. These appeared in articles such as the following “Benoit’s doctor surrenders to authorities” on July 2, “Pro wrestler Benoit bought excessive amounts of steroids” on July 3, and “Drugs found in Benoit’s system after killings” on July 18.

All of this would be acceptable if it was not a sham.

1. Roid rage is likely a myth as has been demonstrated by scientific studies. (See Sources below.) The age-old booby traps of reason are to blame. These include confusing causation with correlation, for example, those likely to abuse steroids are not model behavioral groups completely clean. Football and professional wrestling are violent sports and, on average, they attract more violent people. Another booby trap is anecdotal evidence, for example, just because someone on steroids falls down the steps does not mean steroids caused it.
2. Roid rage is allegedly an explosion of fury. Benoit’s murders occurred over several days and included several deliberate acts, e.g. placing Bibles next to the victims.
3. Medical tests on Benoit showed that steroids were in his system but as Georgia’s top medical examiner stated, “An elevation of that ratio does not translate into something abnormal in a person’s thought process or behaviour.” (Toronto Star, 18 July 2007) Ironically this information was buried in articles with titles such as, “Wrestler On Steroids When He Killed His Family.” (Australian, 19 July 2007)

Perhaps most alarming is that the AP writer, Harry Weber, revealed his complicity in the July 3 article with the following line, “Some experts believe steroids can cause paranoia, depression and violent outbursts known as ‘roid rage.’” This is the equivalent of ads saying that “some experts” recommend Crest toothpaste. Weber did enough research to know that “some experts” was all he could claim because “actual studies” debunked roid rage – actual studies he chose not to mention.

None of this mattered as the press got its sensational headlines and the DEA got its publicity. Not to be left behind, Congress is currently planning on holding hearings on professional wrestling and performance-enhancing drugs. As the chairman of the committee, Rep. Bobby Rush (D), said, “We must make sure that today’s wrestling sports heroes are not using illegal performance-enhancing drugs that, unfortunately, can and have led to their untimely deaths.” (Daily News, 30 Aug. 2007)

Sources

1. F. Klotz, et al., “Criminality Among Individuals Testing Positive for the Presence of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids,” Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, Nov. 2007.
2. F. Klotz, et al., “Violent Crime and Substance Abuse,” Forensic Sci. Int., 1 Mar. 2007.